Each job is represented with a dna sequence that is proportional dna computing free download p sugathan,2010,dspace. Once a circuit is obtained by an attacker, it is a matter of time before one can reverse engineer its configuration. It can realize several security technologies such as encryption, steganography, signature and authentication by using dna molecular as information medium. However, dna computing seems to be the first example of true nanotechnology, forging a link between computational science and life science. The concept of using dna computing in the fields of cryptography and steganography has been identified as a possible technology. May 25, 2015 dna computing, currently a hot research field in information processing, has the advantages of parallelism, low energy consumption, and high storability. It introduces a firenew data structure and calculating method, providing a new way for solving the npcomplete problem. An efficient direction of achieving data security can be termed as dna based cryptography. Dna cryptography based on dna hybridization and one time pad scheme.
N2 computing by representing information in the form of dna base sequences has several potential advantages over silicon based computing methods, due to the massive parallelism of the biochemical reactions on dna. For instanc e, in the example shown here, it is possible t o travel directly. Computing handbook set computer science volume i chapter. Dna cryptography is a new field in cryptography which harnesses rise of dna computing. A number of proposals have been submitted for breaking conventional cryptosystems by dna computing. In dna computing, technology of dna is used to solve difficult computational problems, while in dna cryptography, different difficult biological problems are. The article talked about efforts at california institute of technology, for example, making use of dna nanostructures called seesaw gates to construct logic circuits analogous to those used in microprocessors. Nanotechnology current biomolecular computing technology is still far from overtaking the silicon chip. He used dna to solve a sevennode hamiltonian path problem, a special case of an npcomplete.
Dna cryptography is built on dna which is an information. Chapter 1 aims and objectives information and library. In fact, dna polymerase needs a star t 56 scientific american august 1998 computing with dna c onsider a map of cities connected by certain nonstop flights top right. Feb 25, 20 dna computing a computer that uses dna deoxyribonucleic acids to store information and perform complex calculations. The main benefit of using dna computers to solve complex problems is that different possible solutions are created all at once. Dna computing is a discipline that aims at harnessing individual molecules at the nanoscopic level for computational purposes. It indicated that the cryptosystem using publickey was perhaps insecure. Biology is a life science which has high significance on the quality of life and information security.
Also, such technology is very hard to use outside laboratories currently, both getting the dna strands, and extracting the results. In this paper i intend to present the computing technology that has a great future dna computing. Introduction to dna computing 25 chapter 2 introduction to dna computing 2. May 29, 2019 dna computing is the use of biomolecular components rather than standard artificial hardware such as silicon chips in computer technology. Benefits and risks of dnabased computing network world. We firstly introduce the basic idea of dna computing, and then discuss the information security technology in dna computing. The ppt explains the relatively new form of computing that, instead of using silicon based technology, utilizes the abilities of the dna. Abstract dna cryptography is a relatively new paradigm that has attracted great interest in the field of information security.
Mar 12, 2012 the future of computing power from dna hard drives to quantum chips. Dna sequences based data encryption seems to be an assuring technique for fulfilling the current information security needs. Explore dna based computing with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Dna cryptography is a rapid emerging technology which works on concepts of dna computing. The idea that individual molecules or even atoms could be used for computation dates. Dna computing is a nascent technology that seeks to capitalize on the enormous informational capacity of dna, biological molecules that can store huge amounts of information. The dna computing model given by adleman 8 cannot be taken as dna cryptography directly. Security, hypersensitive information, dna cryptography, dna computing. A new technique for securing data was introduced using the biological structure of dna called dna computing aka molecular computing or biological computing. In this article, youll learn how scientists are using genetic material to create nanocomputers that might take the place of silicon based computers in the next decade. Dna computing could help take the digital era to the next.
Development of dna computing and information processing. Human brains contain an average of 86 billion neurons that transmit and process information. Subscribe to access expert insight on business technology in an adfree environment. For example, dna polymerase will make a watsoncrick complemen tary dna strand fr om a dna template. Dna cryptography is one of the rapid emerging technology which works on concepts of dna computing. Dna the future of computing information technology essay abstract. Since dna computing is a new technology with the advantages of the enormous capability of to perform parallel computing, massive information storage capacity, and low energy consumption. Implementing digital computing with dnabased switching. In the proposed algorithms, dna sequence is used as a digital watermark, as the dna sequences are unique and difficult to copy. Dna is known to carry information from one generation to other and is. Dna computing, the performing of computations using biological molecules, rather than traditional silicon chips. The encryption and decryption process proposed in this paper will use the dna sequencing string of the dna. Consisting of four bases a adenine, t thymine, c cytosine and g guanine, these bases follow a watson crick complementary rule whereby a complements t, c complements g and vice versa. Despite the complexity of this technology, the idea behind dna computing follows from a simple analogy between the following two processes, one.
Dna computing was proposed as a means of solving a class of intractable computational problems in which the computing time can grow exponentially with problem size the np. Request pdf information security technology based on dna computing dna computing is a new method of simulating biomolecular structure of dna and computing by means of molecular biology. Dna computing, currently a hot research field in information processing, has the advantages of parallelism, low energy consumption, and high storability. In place of traditional code such as the common binary variety, dna computing. Dna computing technology is unlikely to replace conventional silicon computers. It has many advantages like perform millions of operations simultaneous, generate a complete set of potential solutions, conduct large parallel searches, efficiently handle massive amounts of working memory, cheap, clean, readily available materials, amazing ability to store information. The goal of the dna computing field is to create a device that can work independent of human involvement. Pdf dna computing and its application to information and. The method uses variable length representation of jobs. The concept of using dna computing in the fields of cryptography and steganography has been identified as a possible technology that may bring forward a new hope for. Two of the terms used in biological computing are genetic algorithms and neural networks. Dna computing is a new method of simulating biomolecular structure of dna and computing by means of molecular biology technological computation. While 2014 was the year of data breach, 2015 is off to a fast. Dna computing information security is very vital in todays digital era of ecommerce and ebusiness.
Review on dna based encryption algorithm for text and. In this paper, a novel algorithm of reversible data hiding based on dna computing is proposed. Dna based information storage, synthetic biology, information storage technology. In one method, called dna strand displacement, the input of dna that binds to a dna logic gate displaces a strand of dna that serves as the output. Data security is concerned with the areas of communication and data transmission. Dna cryptography based on dna hybridization and one time. The molecular computers could take advantage of dna s physical properties to store information and perform calculations. Motivation and method the pseudo dna cryptography method is different from that of the dna cryptography based on dna. Review on dna based encryption algorithm for text and image data mohit rusia1, reader hemant makwana2.
Conventional silicon based computing, which has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent decades, is. The topics include the use of proteins and other molecules for information processing, molecular recognition, computation in nonlinear media, computers based on physical reactiondiffusion systems found in chemical media, dna computing, bioelectronics and protein based optical computing. New data storage technology can fit 490 exabytes of data per gram of dna. Dna computing cochin university of science and technology. It deals with the biochips made of dna that are able to perform billions of calculations at once by multiplying themselves in number. Whereas current technology rests on a highly linear principle of logic, and one computation must be completed before the next can begin, the use of dna means that an enormous number of calculations can take place simultaneously. Dna computing is the use of biomolecular components rather than standard artificial hardware such as silicon chips in computer technology. Dna the future of computing information technology essay. Dna cryptography an area of dna computing bioinform proteom opn acc j dna cryptography an area of dna computing senapati kk department of computer science and engineering, birla institute of technology. Dna or deoxyribonucleic acid works as a memory to store genetic information in cellular organism. The only operations used in these computers are the iterated splicing the splicing known from dna recombination and the squeezing operation which in formal language. Dna computing leonard adlemano s original paper on dna computing contained the seed of the idea weoll pursue here n that the programmability of dna hybridization reactions can be used to direct selfassembly according to simple rules.
He intro duces the basic idea of dna computing, and then discusses the information security technology in dna computing. Cryptography is one the major elements in data security and communications security. The adleman dna computer created a group of possible answers very quickly, but it took days for adleman to narrow down the possibilities. Dna computing a computer that uses dna deoxyribonucleic acids to store information and perform complex calculations. It makes use of the specificity of watsoncrick base pairing and other dna properties to make novel structures out of dna.
Inspired by the algorithm of histogram modification, which is a classical algorithm for reversible data hiding, we combine it with dna computing to realize this algorithm based on biological technology. Clearly, computing with dna has massive advantages over silicon based machines. In place of traditional code such as the common binary variety, dna computing utilizes the fourcharacter genetic alphabet, which consists of. Thus, at least one of the inputs must be false in order to create a double strand chain. Although there are many problems in dna cryptography, scientists are trying to solve them because they believe that, with the extraordinary information density and the vast parallelism that are inherent in dna. Both of these refer to the ability of computing systems to learn and to make decisions based on the information they are given. Basic architecture and applications of dna computing. The term molectronics has sometimes been used, but this term has already.
Biomolecular computing or dna computing is a fast developing area, research is going on to better understand the theory, experiments, applications of dna computing. Dna computing, also known as molecular computing, is a new approach to massively parallel computation based on groundbreaking work by adleman. Another drawback of his dna computer is that it requires human assistance. Guangzhao cui can realize several security technologies such as encryption, steganography, signature and authentication by using dna molecular as information medium. May 06, 2015 conventional silicon based computing, which has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent decades, is pushing against its practical limits. The vast parallelism and extra ordinary information density inherent in dna. Readout by di erence in re ectance in the rulayer a.
Even though dna has been proven it can be used to calculate complex mathematical problems, the work has not become widespread because it is incredibly timeintensive. But within five to 10 years dna based computers could be tested for medical applications. Also explore the seminar topics paper on dna based computing with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year computer science engineering or cse students for the year 2015 2016. The techniques used are also employed by dna computing and thus dna nanotechnology overlaps with dna computing.
The emerging field of dna nanotechnology has also developed quickly. Their role is twofold as a model for analyzing, quantifying and understanding the behavior of certain dna computing. Ultimately, dna cryptography appeared only gradually. Thus the idea of this form of dna computing is at great risk in the field of cryptography. The emerging science of dna cryptography mit technology. Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of dna computing. In which dna is used as information carrier, this modern biological technology is used as an implementation tool. Why dna cryptography and which are the principal benefits for its adoption. Dna deoxyribose nucleic acid computing, also known as molecular computing is a new approach to massively parallel computation based on groundbreaking work by adleman. This simple but powerful toehold structure lays the foundation for an information storage architecture with versatile capabilities. Dna computation based approach for enhanced computing power. Mar 02, 2017 the concept of dna computing was first introduced in 1994. Dna based computing seminar report and ppt for cse students. Dna computing uses biological materials like dna, biochemistry and molecular biology, in place of traditional silicon based computer technology.
This paper proposes two algorithms namely content based watermark algorithm using dna sequence cbdna and user specified watermark algorithm using dna. Dna computing is a branch of computing which uses dna, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional silicon based computer technologies. Dna strand displacement reactions sdrs 1,2,3 have been employed to implement highly complex tasks such as molecular computing 4,5, information processing 6,7,8, and nanorobots. Dnabased nand logic gate is the same as the or gate that discussed previously, except the base sequence contains the sequence representing true rather than false. Chemical reaction networks crns are becoming central tools in the study and practice of dna computing and molecular programming. In addition to his wide interests in information security. If dna computing can be used to break codes, then the machinery of life can be exploited to encrypt data too. With this, a dna computer could hold 10 terabytes of data and perform 10 trillion calculations at a time. Dna stores a massive amount of information inside the tiny nuclei of living cells. The term molectronics has sometimes been used, but this term has already been used for an earlier technology. Dna based computing for secure circuitry design christy m. A survey on dna computing and a pseudo dna method based on central dogma of molecular biology biology is a life science which has high significance on.
A survey on dna computing and a pseudo dna method based on central dogma of molecular biology abstract. Then the caltech researchers subsequently built a dna based. The future of computing power from dna hard drives to. Development of dna computing and information processing based. In a different perspective, more than 10 trillion dna molecules can fit into an area no larger than 1 cubic centimeter. Subsequent research on dna computing has produced reversible dna computing, bringing the technology one step closer to the siliconbased computing used in for example pcs. A new emerging research topic in the field of information storage, security and cryptography is dna based cryptography. In this regard, dna computing was introduced based on the usage of dna and molecular biology hardware instead of the typical silicon based technology. In dna computing, technology of dna is used to solve difficult computational problems, while in dna cryptography, different difficult biological problems are studied and it lays the secure foundation of dna cryptosystems. Dna itself provides the added benefits of being a cheap, energyefficient resource. In principle there could be billions upon trillions of dna molecules undergoing chemical reactions, that is, performing computations, simultaneously 3. Today, many scientists believe that dna computing will complement silicon based computers, not replace them. Researcharticle reversible data hiding based on dna computing. Dna cryptography can be defined as a hiding data in terms of dna sequence.
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